Embedded Communication Interfaces Controller Area Network (CAN) CAN Termination CAN Logic Levels CAN 2.0A Standard Frame CAN 2.0B Extended Frame Controller Area Network (CAN) is a robust, message-based communication protocol designed to allow electronic control units (ECUs), sensors, and microcontrollers to communicate with each other reliably without the need for a central host computer. Wiring:…
Author: hangcui1201
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
Embedded Communication Interfaces Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) SPI Mode SPI Communication Example Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a high-speed, synchronous serial communication protocol used primarily for short-distance communication between microcontrollers and peripheral devices (like sensors, SD cards, or displays). MOSI: The data line for sending information from Master to Slave. MISO: The data line for…
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)
Embedded Communication Interfaces Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) I2C Write Data I2C Read Data Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is a synchronous, multi-device serial communication bus where a master controls all communication. The master initiates and completes transactions, sends an address frame to select a slave, and then transfers data. Communication uses two lines—SCL (clock) and SDA (data)—with data…
UART / RS232 / RS485
Embedded Communication Interfaces Serial Communication Baud Rate TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) RS-485 (Recommended Standard 485) Serial communication sends data one bit at a time in sequence, as opposed to parallel communication which sends multiple bits simultaneously on multiple wires. Simplex: One-way communication only — data flows in one direction (TX → RX)….
Exploratory Review of AI Concepts and Tools
AI Concepts LLM typically refers to Large Language Model in the context of artificial intelligence and machine learning.It is a type of deep learning model trained on massive amounts of text data to understand and generate human-like language. Examples: GPT-4, Claude, Gemini, LLaMA, etc. Transformer is a deep learning architecture introduced by Vaswani et al….
Comparison of ROS1 and ROS2
ROS1 vs ROS2 Architecture ROS2 is well-suited for a variety of applications, including navigation, security, embedded systems, real-time operations, safety-critical tasks, and robotic manipulation. Data Distribution Service (DDS) for ROS2 (1) An industry-standard communication system, a networking middleware (2) Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe (DCPS) system (3) Real-time machine-to-machine (middleware communication) (4) Uses Real-Time Publish-Subscribe (RTPS) pattern for…
Comparison of TI and STM32 MCUs
TI Microcontrollers C2000 real-time: TMS320F28375D, TMS320F28379D, TMS320F28388D, etc ARM-based: AM243x, AM263x, AM273x, MSP432x, etc Direct (Direct Register Access): bare-metal programming Bit Field: register access whole or by bits DriverLib: high-level and feature-oriented APIs TI MCUs and MPUs (Copyright to TI) MCU & MPU C2000 MCU C2000Ware ARM-based MCU STM32 Microcontrollers ARM-based: STM32G4x, STM32F4x, STM32F7x, STM32H7x,…