Category: Embedded System

Embedded Communication Interfaces Controller Area Network (CAN) CAN Termination CAN Logic Levels CAN 2.0A Standard Frame CAN 2.0B Extended Frame Controller Area Network (CAN) is a robust, message-based communication protocol designed to allow electronic control units (ECUs), sensors, and microcontrollers to communicate with each other reliably without the need for a central host computer. Wiring:…

Embedded Communication Interfaces Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) SPI Mode SPI Communication Example Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a high-speed, synchronous serial communication protocol used primarily for short-distance communication between microcontrollers and peripheral devices (like sensors, SD cards, or displays). MOSI: The data line for sending information from Master to Slave. MISO: The data line for…

Embedded Communication Interfaces Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) I2C Write Data I2C Read Data Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is a synchronous, multi-device serial communication bus where a master controls all communication. The master initiates and completes transactions, sends an address frame to select a slave, and then transfers data. Communication uses two lines—SCL (clock) and SDA (data)—with data…

Embedded Communication Interfaces Serial Communication Baud Rate TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) RS-485 (Recommended Standard 485) Serial communication sends data one bit at a time in sequence, as opposed to parallel communication which sends multiple bits simultaneously on multiple wires. Simplex: One-way communication only — data flows in one direction (TX → RX)….